Document Type : Case Study

Authors

1 Assistant Professor in Sport Management, Sports Sciences Group, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran.

2 PhD Student, in Sport Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Professor in Sport Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: This research aimed to test the influential factors that lead to the popularity of sportswear brands like Adidas AG in consumers from the perspective of physical education students.
Methodology: The methodology utilized in this research was descriptive and based on a survey. The data collection tools used for brand popularity took from Carroll and Ahuvia (2006) questionnaires. The statistical population of the study included 457 students of physical education at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. According to the Cochran formula, 210 samples were chosen by a simple random sampling method. The K-S test, T-test, and SEM were used for the confirmatory factor of data analysis.
Findings: The results revealed a significant positive correlation of factors affecting brand popularity. The affection to a brand had a significant impact, while the attitude strength component had the most negligible influential effect on the popularity of a brand. Thus, sportswear apparel manufacturers may plan and apply these components to increase the popularity of their brand. The sportswear industry could improve along with brands increasing their market share in competitive markets through the affection of consumers and implementing other components of brand popularity.
Originality: For the first time, the popularity of a reputable sports brand in the world has been investigated in Iran.

Keywords

  1. Ahuvia, A. C. (1993). Toward a unifying theory of love across diverse love objects. S. o. B. A. Working Paper (University of Michigan.
  2. Albert, N., & Merunka, D. (2013). The role of brand love in consumer‐brand relationships. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 3(3), 258-266. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761311328928
  3. Aron, A., Paris, M., & Aron, E. N. (1995). Falling in love: Prospective studies of self-concept change. Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(6), 1102.
  4. Azadi, R., Yousefi, B., & Eydi, H. (2015). The role of media and advertising, to promote brand equity in the sports apparel industry. Communication Management in Sport Media, 2(2), 66-75. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_1580.html?lang=en
  5. Azizi, S., Jamali, K., & Shahram, R. (2012). Investigating the relationship between brand equity and brand personality and customer compatibility. New Marketing, 2(4), 63-78. https://nmrj.ui.ac.ir/article_17630.html
  6. Bergkvist, L., & Bech-Larsen, T. (2010). Two studies of consequences and actionable antecedents of brand love. Journal of Brand Management, 17(7), 504–518 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2010.6
  7. Biddle, S. J., & Fox, K. R. (1989). Exercise and health psychology: Emerging relationships. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 62(3), 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.20448341.1989.tb02829.x
  8. Bornmark, H., Göransson, Å., & Svensson, C. (2006). A study to indicate the importance of brand awareness in brand choice - A cultural perspective. https://researchportal.hkr.se/en/studentTheses/a-study-to-indicate-the-importance-of-brand-awareness-in-brand-ch
  9. Brady, M. K., Bourdeau, B. L., & Heskel, J. (2005). The importance of brand cues in intangible service industries: an application to investment services. Journal of services marketing, 19(10), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040510620175
  10. Carroll, B. A., & Ahuvia, A. C. (2006). Some antecedents and outcomes of brand love. Marketing letters, 17(2), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-006-4219-2
  11. Çivitci, Ş., & Dengin Sevinir, S. (2014). Koşu giysileri konforunun kullanicilar tarafindan değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir araştirma. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 2, 553-569. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS126
  12. Cowie, L. S. (2001). Relationship between male cyclists' sport clothing involvement, sport clothing interests, and commitment to cycling. [Thesis, Ohio State University]. https://oculyor.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991022480629705164&context=U&vid=01OCUL_YOR:YOR_DEFAULT&lang=en
  13. Cox, D. F. (1967). The sorting rule model of the consumer product evaluation process. Risk taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior, 324-369. https://www.econbiz.de/Record/thesorting-rule-model-of-the-consumer-product-evaluation-process-cox-donald/10002033257
  14. Dean, D. H. (1999). Brand endorsement, popularity, and event sponsorship as advertising cues affecting consumer pre-purchase attitudes. Journal of advertising, 28(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1999.10673585
  15. Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and Their Brands: Developing Relationship Theory in Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343-373. https://doi.org/10.1086/209515
  16. Ghodeswar, B. M. (2008). Building brand identity in competitive markets: a conceptual model. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 17(1), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420810856468
  17. Güneşoğlu, S. (2005). Sportif amaçlı giysilerin konfor özelliklerinin araştırılması.[Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü]. Turkey. https://avesis.uludag.edu.tr/yonetilen-tez/f851a13c-88414d93-bf9c-9918821aee47/sportif-amacli-giysilerin-konfor-ozelliklerinin-arastirilmasi
  18. Hoseini, M., & Rezaei, M. (2011). An investigation on effective factors in brand loyalty of dairy products market. Journal of Business Management Perspective (Management Perspective), 10(5), 57-79. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=242591
  19. Ismail, A. R., & Spinelli, G. (2012). Effects of brand love, personality and image on word of mouth: The case of fashion brands among young consumers. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 16(4), 386-398. https://doi.org/10.1108/13612021211265791
  20. Jalali, S. M., Khairi, B., & Khadem, M. (1390). Investigating the Factors Affecting Brand Loyalty and Re-Buying in Iranian Consumers, (Case study: home appliances). Researcher (Management) (Journal of Industrial Strategic Management), 8(24), 59-69. https://www.sid.ir/fa/JOURNAL/ViewPaper.aspx?id=163994
  21. Kafashpour, A., Legzian, S., & Javadani, H. (2009). Brand value and company image according to consumer value (Case study: private hospitals in Mashhad City). 4th Conference in Branding.
  22. Keller, K. L. (2008). Strategic Brand Management, 3/E. Prentice Hall. https://books.google.com/books?id=eAEqG_x_QrcC
  23. Kheiry, B., Samei Nasr, M., & Azimpour Khujin, M. (2013). Consumer Emotional Attachments to the Brand: Prerequisites and Outcomes. Jounal of Marketing Management, 8(20), 49-65. https://jomm.srbiau.ac.ir/article_2204.html?lang=en
  24. Khuong, M. N., & Tram, V. N. B. (2015). The effects of emotional marketing on consumer product perception, brand awareness and purchase decision—A study in ho chi Minh City, Vietnam. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(5), 524-530. https://doi.org/10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.240
  25. Kim, C. K., & Chung, J. Y. (1997). Brand popularity, country image and market share: an empirical study. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 361-386. https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/jintbs/v28y1997i2p361-386.html
  26. Kumar, A., Kim, Y.-K., & Pelton, L. (2009). Indian consumers' purchase behavior toward US versus local brands. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37, 510-526. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550910956241
  27. Mao, J. (2010). Customer brand loyalty. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(7), 213. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n7p213
  28. Marinejad Asl, A., & Vazifehdoost, H. (2015). The effect of brand image on brand love in sports products of Nico Adidasaz companies Sports customers' views. International Conference on Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Tehran, Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/409409
  29. Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L., & Pena, B. (2017). Mega events footprints: past, present and future. Rio de Janeiro: Engenho. https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/170862/megaevents-footprints-past-present-and-future-as-pegadas-dos-megaeventos-las-huellas-de- los-mega-ev?_lg=en-GB
  30. Mataruna, L., Range, D., Guimaraes, A., & Melo, T. (2015). Rio 2016 and disability–an analysis of the Sport-For-Development discourse and the legacies for disabled people. Journal of Sport for Development, 3(5), 50-60. https://jsfd.org/2015/12/04/rio-2016-and-disability-an-analysis-onthe-sport-for-development-discourse-and-the-legacies-for-disabled-people/
  31. Motaharinejad, F., Samadi, S., Tolabi, Z., & Pour Ashraf, Y. (2014). Studying the Relationship between Brand and Consumer (Case Study: Electrical Home Appliance). Jounal of Marketing Management, 9(23), 127-147. https://jomm.srbiau.ac.ir/article_2896.html?lang=en
  32. Noorlitaria, G., Pangestu, F. R., Fitriansyah, U. S., & Mahsyar, S. (2020). How does brand awareness affect purchase intention in mediation by perceived quality and brand loyalty? Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(2), 103-109.
  33. Okur, A., Küçüka, S., & Kaplan, S. (2008). Giysi Termal Konforunun Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Yöntem Geliştirilmesi. Tübitak Project with. https://docplayer.biz.tr/26103669-Giysi-termal-konforunun-belirlenmesine-yonelik-bir-yontem-gelistirilmesi-proje- no-107m200.html
  34. Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252099
  35. Olson, J. C. (1972). Cue utilization in the quality perception process: A cognitive model andan empirical test. [PhD Thesis, Purdue University]. US. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI7315844/
  36. Öner, E., & Okur, A. (2010). Materyal, üretim teknolojisi ve kumaş yapısının termal konfora etkileri. Tekstil ve Mühendis, 17(80), 20-29. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/teksmuh/issue/12869/156036
  37. Purwar, P. C. (1982). The role of price cues in product quality perception: A comprehensive model and an empirical investigation. State University of New York at Buffalo. https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=alIMHwAACAAJ
  38. Raj, S. (1985). Striking a balance between brand “popularity” and brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 4(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251175
  39. Rowley, J. (2004). Online branding: the case of McDonald's. British Food Journal, 106(3), 228 -237. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700410528808
  40. Schultz, D. E., & Block, M. P. (2015). Beyond brand loyalty: Brand sustainability. Journal of Marketing Communications, 21(5), 340-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.821227
  41. Shafaie, L., Memari, Z., & Asghari Jafarabadi, M. (2016). The Brand Personality of Selected Iranian Football League Teams: Explaining Dimensions and Modeling. Sport Management and Development, 5(1), 117-136. https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_1931.html?lang=en
  42. Shevchenko, O. (2014). Brand and marketing: socio-economic aspect. Problems of social and economic development of business.
  43. Yasin, M., & Shamim, A. (2013). Brand love: Mediating role in purchase intentions and word-of-mouth. Journal of Business and Management, 7(2), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-072101109
  44. Yi, Y., & Jeon, H. (2003). Effects of Loyalty Programs on Value Perception, Program Loyalty, and Brand Loyalty. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(3),  229–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070303031003002