Sports Business Journal

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Registration Guide on the Journal Site

Guide for Authors

Main Tamplate for Site

Title Pages (with authors' affiliation)

Conflict of Interest Form

Cover Letter

Respons to Reviewer

Save a Backup of Your EndNote Library

Reviewers List 2023

Reviewers List 2022

Reviewers List 2021

A Guide to Using Publons

How Can the Elite Sports in Iran Lead to the Promotion of the Sports Industry Businesses? An ISM-MICMAC Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor in Sport Management, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD in Sport Management, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 PhD Student in Sport Management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines what makes elite sports and how it affects Iran's sports business and industry. An integrated approach was used to achieve this goal.
Methodology: We segmented the data analysis procedure into three stages. For the fuzzy Delphi method, experts and academics were asked for their opinions on what was most important. After that, we used interpretative structural modeling (ISM) to classify the components and create a hierarchical model. The MICMAC analysis was also used to determine how the factors drive and depend on each other.
Findings: This study has identified 14 factors related to ES in Iran. The model that was developed has six levels. Also, the MICMAC analysis found that three variables were independent, two were dependent, three were linked, and one was found to be autonomous.
Originality: According to our knowledge, the research design presented in this article represents the first attempt to hierarchically analyze these factors and develop a model for ES in Iran, which can lead to the promotion of the sports business industry. Using the model that was made for the future of Iran's ES, preparations will need to be made, such as the following: Active diplomacy in sports (with a focus on championships and professional sports) by those who are involved and responsible for the problem; redesigning the country's sports structure for excellence and success in international arenas; There is a need to modify the goals and policies of ES to make them more coordinated with the specific goals and programs that correspond to the different scenarios that could occur: alterations to budget allocation and distribution to medal-rich and medal-prone sports; A talent search system that is built in and can be used to look for talents is also needed.

Keywords

References
  1. Alidoust Ghahfarokhi, E., Sajjadi, S. N., Mahmoudi, A., & Sa’atchian, V. (2014). The Evaluation of Development Priorities and Strategies of Judo Championship in Iran. Sport management journal, 6(2), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2014.50464
  2. Allen, M. R., George, B. A., & Davis, J. H. (2018). A model for the role of trust in firm level performance: The case of family businesses. Journal of Business Research, 84, 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.048
  3. Andersen, S. S., & Ronglan, L. T. (2012). Nordic Elite Sport: Same Ambitions, Different Tracks. Samfundslitteratur. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxRs2iAiPxUC
  4. Attri, R., Dev, N., & Sharma, V. (2013). Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach: An Overview. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2(2), 3-8. http://www.isca.in/ IJMS/Archive/v2/i2/2.ISCA-RJMS-2012-054.php
  5. Berg, B. K., Warner, S., & Das, B. M. (2015). What about sport? A public health perspective on leisure-time physical activity. Sport Management Review, 18(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.smr.2014.09.005
  6. Bernard, A. B., & Busse, M. R. (2004). Who wins the Olympic Games: Economic resources and medal totals. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 413-417. https://doi.org/10.11 62/003465304774201824
  7. Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1980). Dimensions of leader behavior in sports: Development of a leadership scale. Journal of sport psychology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.1.34
  8. Coakley, J. J. (2020). Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies. McGraw-Hill LLC. https:// books.google.com/books?id=JM9SzQEACAAJ
  9. Crespo, M., Reid, M., Miley, D., & Atienza, F. (2003). The relationship between professional tournament structure on the national level and success in men's professional tennis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 6(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(03)80003-8
  10. Čustonja, Z., & Škorić, S. (2011). Winning medals at the Olympic games–does Croatia have any chance? Kinesiology, 43(1), 107-114. https://hrcak.srce.hr/69639
  11. De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., Van Bottenburg, M., & Shibli, S. (2006). A conceptual framework for analysing sports policy factors leading to international sporting success. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6(2), 185-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740600955087
  12. De Bosscher, V., Heyndels, B., De Knop, P., van Bottenburg, M., & Shibli, S. (2008). The paradox of measuring success of nations in elite sport. Belgeo. Revue Belge De Géographie(2), 217-234. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.10303
  13. De Bosscher, V., Shibil, S., Westerbeek, H., & van Bottenburg, M. (2015). Successful Elite Sport Policies: An international comparison of the SportsPolicy factors Leading to International Sporting Success (SPLISS 2.0) in 15 nations. Meyer & Meyer Sport, Limited. https://books.google.com/books?id=1TZ3CgAAQBAJ
  14. De Bosscher, V., Shibli, S., & Weber, A. C. (2019). Is prioritisation of funding in elite sport effective? An analysis of the investment strategies in 16 countries. European Sport Management Quarterly, 19(2), 221-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2018.1505926
  15. De Bosscher, V., Sotiriadou, P., & Van Bottenburg, M. (2013). Scrutinizing the sport pyramid metaphor: An examination of the relationship between elite success and mass participation in Flanders. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 5(3), 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2013.806340
  16. Edwards, M. B., & Rowe, K. (2019). Managing sport for health: An introduction to the special issue. Sport Management Review, 22(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2018.12.006
  17. Eggleston, D., Hawkins, L. G., & Fife, S. T. (2020). As the lights fade: A grounded theory of male professional athletes’ decision-making and transition to retirement. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(5), 495-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1626514
  18. Eime, R., Sawyer, N., Harvey, J., Casey, M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. (2014). Integrating public health and sport management: SPORT participation trends 2001-2010. Sport Management Review, 18(2), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.05.004
  19. Elahi, A., Gholampour, S., & Askarian, F. (2021). The Effects of Sports Mega-Events on Host Communities: A Systematic Review of Studies in Three Recent Decades. Sports Business Journal, 1(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.22051/sbj.2021.36862.1007
  20. Freeman, K. (2012). Sport as swaggering: utilizing sport as soft power. Sport in Society, 15(9), 1260-1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2012.690403
  21. Ganjkhanloo, A., Memari, Z., & Khabiri, M. (2021). Marketing Strategies to developing the Iranian sports industry. Sports Business Journal, 1(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.22051/ sbj.2022.38999.1020
  22. Gorczynski, P., Currie, A., Gibson, K., Gouttebarge, V., Hainline, B., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., . . . Rice, S. (2021). Developing mental health literacy and cultural competence in elite sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(4), 387-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/10 413200.2020.1720045
  23. Gordon, S., & Lavallee, D. (2004). Career transitions in competitive sport. In Sport psychology: Theory, Applications and Issues. John Wiley & Sons Australia. https://psycnet.apa.org/ record/2004-20916-022
  24. Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological Characteristics and Their Development in Olympic Champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482
  25. Green, M., & Houlihan, B. (2004). Advocacy coalitions and elite sport policy change in Canada and the United Kingdom. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 39(4), 387-403. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690204049066
  26. Habibi, A., Jahantigh, F. F., & Sarafrazi, A. (2015). Fuzzy Delphi technique for forecasting and screening items. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 5(2), 130-143. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00036.5
  27. Henriksen, K., Stambulova, N., & Roessler, K. K. (2010). Holistic approach to athletic talent development environments: A successful sailing milieu. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(3), 212-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.10.005
  28. Hoffmann, R., Lee, C. G., & Ramasamy, B. (2004). Olympic Success and ASEAN Countries: Economic Analysis and Policy Implications. Journal of Sports Economics - J SPORT ECON, 5(3), 262-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002503261826
  29. Hosseini, S. S., Hamidi, M., Ghorbanian Rajabi, A., & Sajjadi, S. N. (2013). Identification of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats for Talent Identification in Iran Championship Sport and Its Bottlenecks and Challenges. Sport Management Journal, 5(2), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2013.32166
  30. Houlihan, B., & Green, M. (2008). Comparative elite sport development. In Comparative elite sport development: Systems, structures and public policy (pp. 1-25). Routledge. https://www. sciencedirect.com/book/9780750682817/comparative-elite-sport-development
  31. Houlihan, B., Tan, T.-C., & Green, M. (2010). Policy Transfer and Learning From the West: Elite Basketball Development in the People's Republic of China. Journal of Sport & Social Issues - J SPORT SOC ISSUES, 34(1), 4-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235 09358971
  32. Houlihan, B., & Zheng, J. (2013). The Olympics and Elite Sport Policy: Where Will It All End? The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30(4), 338-355. https://doi.org/10.10 80/09523367.2013.765726
  33. Humphreys, B. R., Johnson, B. K., Mason, D. S., & Whitehead, J. C. (2018). Estimating the value of medal success in the Olympic Games. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(3), 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002515626221
  34. Ishikawa, A., Amagasa, M., Shiga, T., Tomizawa, G., Tatsuta, R., & Mieno, H. (1993). The max-min Delphi method and fuzzy Delphi method via fuzzy integration. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 55(3), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(93)90251-C
  35. Karimi Kasvai, S. N., & Hashemzadeh Khorasgani, G. (2015, August 27). The role of new technologies in championship sports (Case study: Combat sports). The first national conference on the new achievements of physical education and sports, Chabahar International University, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.  https://civilica.com/doc/426970
  36. Kent, A., & Chelladurai, P. (2001). Perceived Transformational Leadership, Organizational Commitment, and Citizenship Behavior: A Case Study in Intercollegiate Athletics. Journal of Sport Management, 15(2), 135-159. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.15.2.135
  37. Keshavarz, L., Farahani, A., Moosavi Jahromi, Y., & Faraziani, F. (2017). A Model of Attracting Factors of Private Sector Investment in Iran's championship sport. Sport Management and Development, 5(2), 195-211. https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_2080.html?lang=en
  38. Khalilzadeh, M., Shakeri, H., & Zohrehvandi, S. (2021). Risk identification and assessment with the fuzzy DEMATEL-ANP method in oil and gas projects under uncertainty. Procedia Computer Science, 181, 277-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.147
  39. Khoshbakht Ahmadi, E., Aghaei Shahri, M. S., & Azimzade, S. M. (2022). Exploring Entrepreneurial and Innovative Sports Opportunities During and After the Corona Crisis. Sports Business Journal, 2(1), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.22051/sbj.2022.40239.1030
  40. Klir, G. J., & Yuan, B. (1995). Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications. Prentice Hall PTR. https://books.google.com/books?id=AOhQAAAAMAAJ
  41. Knights, S., Sherry, E., Ruddock-Hudson, M., & O’Halloran, P. (2019). The end of a professional sport career: Ensuring a positive transition. Journal of Sport Management, 33(6), 518-529. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0023
  42. Kos, A., Wei, Y., Tomažič, S., & Umek, A. (2018). The role of science and technology in sport. Procedia Computer Science, 129, 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.03.029
  43. Kwiatkowski, G., Diedering, M., & Oklevik, O. (2017). Profile, patterns of spending and economic impact of event visitors: evidence from Warnemünder Woche in Germany. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15022250.2017.1282886
  44. Lally, P. (2007). Identity and athletic retirement: A prospective study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(1), 85-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.03.003
  45. Lavallee, D., & Robinson, H. K. (2007). In pursuit of an identity: A qualitative exploration of retirement from women's artistic gymnastics. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(1), 119-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.05.003
  46. Lindfelt, M. (2010). Elite sports in tension: making identification the core moral norm for professional sports in the future. Sport in Society, 13(2), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.10 80/17430430903522913
  47. Loland, S. (2002). Technology in sport: Three ideal-typical views and their implications. European Journal of Sport Science - EUR J SPORT SCI, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10. 1080/17461390200072105
  48. Loughead, T., Hardy, J., & Eys, M. (2006). The Nature of Athlete Leadership. Journal of Sport Behavior, 29(2), 142-158. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-06511-003
  49. Loughead, T. M., & Hardy, J. (2005). An examination of coach and peer leader behaviors in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6(3), 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. psychsport.2004.02.001
  50. Luiz, J. M., & Fadal, R. (2011). An economic analysis of sports performance in Africa. International Journal of Social Economics, 38 (10), 869-883. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 03068291111170415
  51. McLean, S., Read, G. J. M., Ramsay, K., Hogarth, L., & Kean, B. (2021). Designing success: Applying Cognitive Work Analysis to optimise a para sport system. Applied Ergonomics, 93, 103369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103369
  52. McLeod, C. M., Li, H., & Nite, C. (2022). What Enables Human Capital Investment Sharing in Elite Sport? Sustainability, 14(17), 10628. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710628
  53. Mohamed Yusoff, A. F., Hashim, A., Muhamad, N., & Wan Hamat, W. (2021). Application of Fuzzy Delphi Technique Towards Designing and Developing the Elements for the e-PBM PI-Poli Module (Aplikasi Teknik Fuzzy Delphi Terhadap Elemen-Elemen Reka Bentuk Dan Pembangunan Modul e-PBM PI-Poli). Asian Journal of University Education, 17(1), 292-304. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i1.12625
  54. Monkaresi, S., Safania, A. M., & Ghasemi, H. (2015). Identification of Iran Athletics Challenges in Olympic Medalist Sports. Strategic Studies on Youth ans Sports, 14(27), 159-178. http://faslname.msy.gov.ir/article_42.html?lang=en
  55. Moradi, E., Ehsani, M., Saffari, M., & Hosseini, R. N. S. (2022). How can destination competitiveness play an essential role in small island sports tourism development? Integrated ISM-MICMAC modelling of key factors. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-03-2022-0118
  56. Mozaffari, A. A., Elahi, A. R., Abbasi, S., Ahadpour, H., & Rezaie, Z. (2012). Developing Strategies for Championship Sports in Iran. Sport Management Studies, 4(13), 33-48.
  57. Newman, T. J., Lower-Hoppe, L. M., Burch, M., & Paluta, L. M. (2021). Advancing positive youth development-focused coach education: contextual factors of youth sport and youth sport leader perceptions. Managing Sport and Leisure, 26(4), 326-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 23750472.2020.1766760
  58. Novakowski, N., & Wellar, B. (2008). Using the Delphi Technique in Normative Planning Research: Methodological Design Considerations. Environment and Planning A, 40(6), 1485-1500. https://doi.org/10.1068/a39267
  59. Oakley, B., & Green, M. (2001). The production of Olympic champions: International perspectives on elite sport development systems. European Journal for Sports Management, 83-105. http://oro.open.ac.uk/41510/
  60. Patatas, J. M., De Bosscher, V., & Legg, D. (2018). Understanding parasport: an analysis of the differences between able-bodied and parasport from a sport policy perspective. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10(2), 235-254. https://doi.org/10. 1080/19406940.2017.1359649
  61. Peake, R. L. (2019). Determining International Parasport Success Factors for UK Para-Athletics. [PhD Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University (United Kingdom)]. http://shura. shu.ac.uk/25468/
  62. Pedauga, L. E., Pardo-Fanjul, A., Redondo, J. C., & Izquierdo, J. M. (2022). Assessing the economic contribution of sports tourism events: A regional social accounting matrix analysis approach. Tourism Economics, 28(3), 599-620. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620975656
  63. Reid, M., Crespo, M., Atienza, F., & Dimmock, J. (2007). Tournament structure and nations' success in women's professional tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(11), 1221-1228. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600982691
  64. Ronkainen, N., Aggerholm, K., Allen-Collinson, J., & Ryba, T. V. (2022). Beyond life-skills: talented athletes, existential learning and (Un) learning the life of an athlete. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2022.2037694
  65. Ross, C. M., & Sharpless, D. R. (1999). Innovative Information Technology and Its Impact on Recreation and Sport Programming. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 70(9), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1999.10605965
  66. Santos, N. d. A. e. S. F. d. (2021). The interplay of soft power and sharp power in sport diplomacy: A conceptual framework. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1952092
  67. Shabani, A., & Moradi, S. (2019). The Study of the Parameters Affecting the Public Environmental of Championship [Research]. New Trends in Sport Management, 6(23), 63-72. http://ntsmj.issma.ir/article-1-1042-en.html
  68. Shibli, S., De Bosscher, V., & van Bottenburg, M. (2013). Measuring and forecasting elite sporting success. In Routledge Handbook of Sport Policy (pp. 238-250). Routledge. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203807217.ch17
  69. Shilbury, D., Sotiriadou, K. P., & Green, B. C. (2008). Sport development. Systems, policies and pathways: An introduction to the special issue. Sport Management Review, 11(3), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(08)70110-4
  70. Silva, A., Monteiro, D., & Sobreiro, P. (2020). Effects of sports participation and the perceived value of elite sport on subjective well-being. Sport in Society, 23(7), 1202-1216. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1613376
  71. Sivrikaya, K., Demir, A., & Fisek, T. (2018). Innovation in Sports Management and The Role of Users, open Innovation and Sport-Based Entrepreneurship. Quest Journals, Journal of Research in Business and Management, 6(17), 9-14. https://www.questjournals.org/ jrbm/papers/vol6-issue1/B06010914.pdf
  72. Sotiriadou, P., Gowthorp, L., & Bosscher, V. (2014). Elite sport culture and policy interrelationships: the case of Sprint Canoe in Australia. Leisure Studies, 33(6), 598-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2013.833973
  73. Storm, R. K., & Eske, M. (2022). Dual careers and academic achievements: does elite sport make a difference? Sport, Education and Society, 27(6), 747-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/13 573322.2021.1919070
  74. Surujlal, J., & Dhurup, M. (2012). Athlete preference of coach's leadership style management. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 18(1), 111-121. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC119845
  75. Tashbaeva, M. (2022). Pedagogical Opportunities of Wrestling Sports in the Formation of a Sense of National Pride in Students. Eurasian Scientific Herald, 8, 213-216. https://genius journals.org/index.php/esh/article/view/1554
  76. Taylor, J., & Ogilvie, B. C. (1994). A conceptual model of adaptation to retirement among athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/104 13209408406462
  77. Vella, S. A., Gardner, L. A., Kemp, B., Schweickle, M. J., & Cliff, D. P. (2019). Sports Participation, Health Behaviours, and Body Fat during Childhood and Early Adolescence: A Multiple Mediation. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(12), 1324-1329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.07.011
  78. Warfield, J. N. (1974). Developing Interconnection Matrices in Structural Modeling. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-4(1), 81-87. https://doi.org/10. 1109/TSMC.1974.5408524
  79. Wylleman, P., & Lavallee, D. (2004). A developmental perspective on transitions faced by athletes. Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Lifespan Perspective, 507-527. https:// rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/publications/a-developmental-perspective-on-transitions-faced -by-athletes
Sports Business Journal
Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 4
Summer and Autumn
July 2022
Pages 145-168
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics